ANALOGY –Notes for CUET | CLAT | IPMAT
ANALOGY – Detailed Notes for CUET |
CLAT | IPMAT
Analogy is a key topic in Verbal
Reasoning that tests your ability to identify relationships between words,
numbers, figures, or ideas.
1. WHAT IS AN ANALOGY?
An analogy establishes a similar relationship between
two pairs.
General Form
A : B :: C : D
Read as — “A is to B as C is to D”.
Example:
Sun : Day :: Moon : Night
(Just as the Sun is associated with day, the Moon is associated with night.)
A. VERBAL ANALOGY
Type 1: Synonym / Similar Meaning Analogy
Here the relation is based on similar meaning or functions.
Examples:
- Brave
: Courage :: Wise : Wisdom
(Quality → Abstract noun) - Anger
: Rage :: Joy : Happiness
(Synonyms)
Type 2: Antonym / Opposite Meaning Analogy
Examples:
- Success
: Failure :: Profit : Loss
- Love
: Hate :: Victory : Defeat
Shortcut:
Check if the first pair shows opposites → apply same to second pair.
Type 3: Worker – Tool / Tool – User Analogy
Common in CUET & IPMAT.
Examples:
- Carpenter
: Saw :: Barber : Razor
- Painter
: Brush :: Writer : Pen
Type 4: Object – Function Analogy
Relationship is based on use or purpose.
Examples:
- Axe
: Cutting :: Spoon : Eating
- Thermometer
: Temperature :: Compass : Direction
Tip: Always think – “What is its purpose?”
Type 5: Product – Manufacturer / Source – Product Analogy
Examples:
- Bee
: Honey :: Cow : Milk
- Tree
: Oxygen :: Cloud : Rain
Type 6: Cause – Effect / Effect – Cause Analogy
Examples:
- Disease
: Death :: Study : Success
- Fire
: Smoke :: Heat : Expansion
Type 7: Degree / Intensity Analogy
The words differ in degree of intensity.
Examples:
- Warm
: Hot :: Cool : Cold
- Like
: Love :: Dislike : Hate
Type 8: Part – Whole / Whole – Part Analogy
Examples:
- Petal
: Flower :: Leaf : Tree
- Chapter
: Book :: Player : Team
Type 9: Male – Female / Gender Analogy
Examples:
- Lion
: Lioness :: King : Queen
- Drake
: Duck :: Stallion : Mare
Type 10: Symbol – Meaning Analogy
(Seen in CLAT)
Examples:
- “+”
: Addition :: “×” : Multiplication
- “$”
: Dollar :: “₹” : Rupee
B. NUMERICAL ANALOGY
Very important for IPMAT & CUET.
Relationship established through operations.
Type 1: Addition / Subtraction Rule
Example:
- 7 :
14 :: 9 : 18
(Multiply by 2) - 23 :
18 :: 13 : 8
(Subtract 5)
Type 2: Multiplication / Division Rule
Example:
- 8 :
64 :: 5 : 25
(Square relationship) - 6 :
3 :: 10 : 5
(Divide by 2)
Type 3: Mixed Operations
Sometimes both addition & multiplication.
Example:
- 4 :
21
Explanation → (4 × 5) + 1 = 21
So
5 : ? → (5 × 5) + 1 = 26
Type 4: Number Patterns / Special Numbers
Includes:
- Prime
numbers
- Fibonacci
numbers
- Perfect
squares / cubes
Example:
- 2 : 3
:: 5 : 8
(Next prime) - 3 :
27 :: 4 : 64
(Cube rule)
Type 5: Ratio – Proportion Analogy
Example:
- 2 :
6 :: 3 : 9
(Multiply by 3) - 4 :
16 :: 7 : 28
(Multiply by 4)
C. LETTER ANALOGY
Relationship based on:
- Letter
position
- Shifting
forward/backward
- Reversing
Type 1: Alphabet Position
A = 1, B = 2, … Z = 26
Example:
- B : D
:: F : H
(Each +2)
Type 2: Reverse Alphabet
A ↔ Z, B ↔ Y, etc.
Example:
- A : Z
:: D : W
Type 3: Letter Gap Pattern
Example:
- A : C
(gap of +2)
So E : ? → G
Type 4: Word Pattern Analogy
Example:
- CAT :
DBU
Rule → +1 to each letter - DOG :
EPH
D. FIGURE / IMAGE ANALOGY
Common in CUET Reasoning.
Relationship based on:
- Rotation
- Reflection
- Shape
addition
- Number
of sides
- Mirroring
Examples:
- A
square → rotates 90°
So the next figure → same rotation. - Triangle
→ one extra dot
Next figure → add one dot similarly.
4. HOW TO SOLVE ANALOGY QUESTIONS – STEP-BY-STEP
Step 1: Identify the type
Verbal? Numerical? Alphabetical?
Step 2: Find the relationship between first pair
Step 3: Apply the same rule to the second pair
Step 4: Eliminate odd options
Step 5: Verify with logic
5. SOLVED EXAMPLES (Exam-Oriented)
Example 1 (CLAT – Verbal Analogy)
Bird : Nest :: Bee : ?
Relationship → Animal : Home
So answer → Hive
Example 2 (IPMAT – Numerical Analogy)
12 : 144 :: 7 : ?
Rule → Square
12² = 144
7² = 49
Example 3 (CUET – Letter Analogy)
ACE : BDF :: MOQ : ?
Rule → +1 to each letter
M→N, O→P, Q→R → NPR
Example 4 (Mixed Logical Analogy)
Doctor : Hospital :: Teacher : ?
→ Workplace
Answer → School
Example 5 (Degree Analogy)
Soft : Softer :: Strong : ?
Degree increases → Stronger
PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS ASKED IN CUET/ CLAT/ IPMAT
1. (CLAT- 2017)
Brave : Courage :: Wise : ?
Answer: Wisdom
Explanation: Quality → Abstract noun.
2. (CLAT 2018)
Doctor : Hospital :: Lawyer : ?
Answer: Court
Explanation: Profession → Workplace.
3. (CUET 2022)
Page : Book :: Leaf : ?
Answer: Tree
Explanation: Part → Whole.
4. (IPMAT-2020)
Honesty : Virtue :: Bravery : ?
Answer: Quality
Explanation: Trait classified under a value category.
5. (CLAT- 2016)
Dishonest : Fraud :: Generous : ?
Answer: Charity
Explanation: Person showing a quality → action reflecting quality.
6. (CUET-)
Heat : Cold :: Love : ?
Answer: Hate
Explanation: Opposites.
7. (IPMAT-heavy vocabulary type)
Embarrass : Humiliate :: Annoy : ?
Answer: Irritate
Explanation: Degree-intensity relationship.
8. (CUET-)
Sparrow : Bird :: Shark : ?
Answer: Fish
Explanation: Species → Category.
9. (CLAT)
Author : Book :: Painter : ?
Answer: Painting
Explanation: Creator → Creation.
10. (CUET)
Knife : Cut :: Pen : ?
Answer: Write
Explanation: Tool → Function.
SECTION B — CAUSE–EFFECT / ACTION–RESULT ANALOGY
(Very common in IPMAT Rohtak)
11. (IPMAT 2019)
Fear : Tremble :: Excitement : ?
Answer: Jump
Explanation: Emotion → Physical reaction.
12. (IPMAT 2020)
Theft : Confess :: Mistake : ?
Answer: Admit
Explanation: Wrong act → Acknowledgement.
13. (CUET)
Fire : Smoke :: Rain : ?
Answer: Wetness
Explanation: Effect of phenomenon.
14. (IPMAT )
Study : Success :: Practice : ?
Answer: Perfection
Explanation: Cause → Likely outcome.
15. (CLAT)
Illness : Medicine :: Hunger : ?
Answer: Food
Explanation: Problem → Remedy.
SECTION C — NUMERICAL ANALOGY
(Exam special in IPMAT, CUET General Test)
16. (CUET 2022-type)
6 : 36 :: 9 : ?
Answer: 81
Explanation: Square rule.
17. (IPMAT Indore-style)
5 : 20 :: 7 : ?
Answer: 28
Explanation: Multiplication by 4.
18. (CUET)
12 : 15 :: 20 : ?
Answer: 23
Explanation: +3 rule.
19. (IPMAT)
4 : 21 :: 5 : ?
Answer: 26
Explanation: (n × 5) + 1.
20. (CUET)
3 : 6 :: 7 : ?
Answer: 14
Explanation: ×2 rule.
21. (IPMAT)
2 : 8 :: 3 : ?
Answer: 27
Explanation: Cubes (2³ → 8, 3³ → 27).
22. (CUET)
16 : 4 :: 81 : ?
Answer: 9
Explanation: Square root relationship.
23. (IPMAT)
11 : 121 :: 13 : ?
Answer: 169
Explanation: Square.
24. (CUET)
15 : 12 :: 20 : ?
Answer: 17
Explanation: −3 rule.
25. (IPMAT)
2 : 3 :: 5 : ?
Answer: 6
Explanation: +1 rule.
SECTION D — ALPHABET / LETTER ANALOGY
(CUET + IPMAT heavy)
26. (CUET 2024 type)
AB : CD :: EF : ?
Answer: GH
Explanation: +2 shift.
27. (IPMAT)
CAT : DBU :: DOG : ?
Answer: EPH
Explanation: +1 shift to each letter.
28. (CUET)
KLM : NOP :: PQR : ?
Answer: STU
Explanation: Next consecutive 3 letters.
29. (IPMAT)
A : Z :: C : ?
Answer: X
Explanation: Reverse alphabets (A↔Z).
30. (CUET)
FLOW : GMPX :: GLOW : ?
Answer: HMPX
Explanation: +1 to the first letter only.
31. (IPMAT)
BDF : CEG :: FHJ : ?
Answer: GIK
Explanation: Each letter +1 shift.
32. (CUET)
ACE : BDF :: MOQ : ?
Answer: NPR
Explanation: +1 shift.
33. (IPMAT)
QRS : OPQ :: XYZ : ?
Answer: VWX
Explanation: −2 shift.
34. (CUET)
TEAM : UGBO :: GAME : ?
Answer: HBNF
Explanation: +1 shift.
35. (CUET)
ALM : ZKN :: CNP : ?
Answer: BMO
Explanation: −1 shift.
SECTION E — WORD RELATIONSHIP ANALOGY (CLAT-heavy)
36. (CLAT)
Virus : Disease :: Bacteria : ?
Answer: Infection
Explanation: Cause → Effect.
37. (CLAT)
River : Flow :: Clock : ?
Answer: Tick
Explanation: Natural/expected function.
38. (CUET)
Teacher : Student :: Doctor : ?
Answer: Patient
Explanation: Service provider → Receiver.
39. (CLAT)
Breakfast : Morning :: Dinner : ?
Answer: Night
Explanation: Meal → Time.
40. (CUET)
Gloves : Hands :: Socks : ?
Answer: Feet
Explanation: Clothing → Body part.
41. (CLAT)
Candle : Wax :: Pencil : ?
Answer: Wood/Lead
Explanation: Material composition.
42. (CUET)
Knife : Chef :: Stethoscope : ?
Answer: Doctor
Explanation: Tool → User.
43. (CLAT)
Sun : Day :: Moon : ?
Answer: Night
Explanation: Natural association.
44. (CUET)
Drama : Stage :: Sports : ?
Answer: Field
Explanation: Activity → Venue.
45. (CLAT)
Fire : Hot :: Ice : ?
Answer: Cold
Explanation: Property.
SECTION F — MISCELLANEOUS / ABSTRACT ANALOGY
(Seen in IPMAT reasoning)
46. (IPMAT)
Happy : Happier :: Cold : ?
Answer: Colder
Explanation: Degree comparison.
47. (CUET)
Pen : Letter :: Keyboard : ?
Answer: Email/Text
Explanation: Tool → Output.
48. (IPMAT)
Seed : Plant :: Egg : ?
Answer: Bird
Explanation: Origin → Grown result.
49. (CLAT)
Poet : Poetry :: Sculptor : ?
Answer: Statue
Explanation: Creator → Creation.
50. (CUET)
Clock : Time :: Thermometer : ?
Answer: Temperature
Explanation: Measuring instrument → What it measures.
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